Semi-continuous physical refining is a refining method that falls between batch and fully continuous processes: the initial stages (degumming and bleaching) utilize batch operations (using vessels), while the subsequent stages (deacidification and deodorization) employ continuous operations (using columns). No alkali is used during the deacidification process; instead, it is achieved through high-temperature vacuum steam distillation in the deodorization column, yielding PFAD as a by-product.

Palm oil fractionation equipment is a specialized processing system designed to separate refined palm oil into distinct fractions with specific melting points and applications.
Utilizing controlled cooling crystallization and filtration separation techniques, the system separates palm oil into valuable fractions—primarily palm olein (the liquid fraction) and palm stearin (the solid fraction).